Immunogenicity and influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination based on different vaccination schedules among chronic kidney disease patients / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the immunogenicity and influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination based on different vaccination schedules among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: CKD patients who participated in randomized controlled trials in four hospitals in Shanxi province and completed three doses of 20 µg vaccination (at months 0, 1 and 6) and four doses of 20 µg or 60 µg vaccination (at months 0, 1, 2, and 6) were surveyed from May 2019 to July 2020.According to the ratio of 1∶1∶1, 273 CKD patients were divided into 3 groups randomly. Quantification of the anti-hepatitis B surface antigen-antibody (anti-HBs) in serum samples was performed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay at months 1 and 6 after the entire course of the vaccinations. The positive rate, high-level positive rate, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs, and the influencing factors were analyzed by χ2 tests, analysis of variance, unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 273 CKD patitents were participants.The positive rates in the CKD patients with four doses of 20 µg vaccination (92.96%,66/71) or 60 µg vaccination (93.15%, 68/73) were higher than that in the CKD patients with three doses of 20 µg vaccination (81.69%, 58/71) at month one after the full course of the vaccinations (P<0.05). The GMCs of anti-HBs showed similar results (2 091.11 mIU/ml and 2 441.50 mIU/ml vs. 1 675.21 mIU/ml) (P<0.05). The positive rate was higher in the CKD patients with four doses of 60 µg vaccination (94.83%,55/58) than in those with three doses of 20 µg vaccination (78.79%,52/66) (P<0.05) at month six after the full course of the vaccinations. And the GMC of anti-HBs in the patients with four doses of 60 µg vaccination (824.28 mIU/ml) was significantly higher than those in the patients with 3 or 4 doses of 20 µg vaccination (639.74 mIU/ml and 755.53 mIU/ml) (P<0.05). After controlling the confounding factors, the positive rate in the CKD patients with four doses of 60 µg vaccination were 3.19 (95%CI: 1.02-9.96) and 5.32 (95%CI: 1.27-22.19) times higher than those in the patients with three doses of 20 µg vaccination at months 1 and 6 after the full course of the vaccinations, respectively. The positive rate in CKD patients without immune suppression or hormone therapy was 3.33 (95%CI: 1.26-8.80) and 4.78 (95%CI: 1.47-15.57) times higher than those in the patients with such therapy, respectively. Conclusions: Four doses of 20 µg or 60 µg hepatitis B vaccination could improve the immunogenicity in patients with CKD. And four doses of 60 µg vaccination might play a positive role in maintaining anti-HBs in this population. The immunogenicity in the CKD patients with immune suppression or hormone therapy was poor.

Mechanism of Yiqi Jiedu Prescriptions in Protection of Mitochondria in PC12 Cells Against Hypoxia Injury Based on Energy Metabolism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish an evaluation method for mitochondrial energy metabolism with Seahorse analyzer and investigate the protective effect of Yiqi Jiedu prescriptions （YQ） on mitochondria in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma （PC12） cells against hypoxia injury. MethodThe PC12 cell injury model was induced in vitro using hypoxic chambers. Five groups were set up， ie， a control group， a model group （model）， high- （25 µmol·L-1）， medium- （5 µmol·L-1） and low-dose （1 µmol·L-1） YQ groups， and a positive drug trimetazidine （TMZ） group， with three replicate wells in each group. The experiment was repeated three times. The established method for energy metabolism analysis was used to assay the activity of mitochondrial complex in cells and screen the optimal dosing concentration. Subsequently， the YQ group and modified YQ groups were set up， and the aerobic respiration and glycolysis function were assayed by the Seahorse analyzer. According to the non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption， proton leakage， basal respiration， maximum respiration， ATP production， and potentially improved respiration， the effects of modified YQ groups on the aerobic respiration of mitochondria damaged by hypoxia were evaluated by principal component analysis （PCA） and variable importance in projection （VIP）. The expression of cytochrome C， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the groups of other concentrations， the optimal dosing concentration of carbonyl cyanide-4 （trifluoromethoxy）phenylhydrazone （FCCP） was 2 µmol·L-1. Compared with the model group， the medium-dose YQ group showed enhanced mitochondrial complex activity （P<0.05）. The YQ groups were superior to the model group in improvement （P<0.01）. The combination of ginsenoside and geniposide showed the optimal effect among the modified YQ groups （P<0.01）. VIP analysis revealed that for the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function， the contribution of geniposide in YQ was the greatest. Compared with the model group， the high-dose YQ group displayed reduced leakage of mitochondrial cytochrome C （P<0.01）， decreased expression of Bax protein （P<0.01）， and increased expression of Bcl-2 protein （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionA cellular， high-throughput quantitative evaluation method for mitochondrial energy metabolism was established， which demonstrated that YQ could significantly improve the impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in PC12 cells damaged by hypoxia， and the underlying mechanism might be related to the protection against mitochondrial apoptosis.

Correlation of gut microbiota and ischemic stroke: a review / 中国中药杂志

With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing(NGS), especially 16 S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, researchers are no longer troubled with massive data on the gut microbiota, and the correlation between the gut microbiota and the brain(central nervous system) has been gradually revealed. Research on the microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA) based on the gut microbiota have provided insights into the exploration of the pathogenesis and risk factors of ischemic stroke(IS), a cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality rates, and also facilitate the selection of therapeutic targets of this class of drugs. This study reviewed the application of NGS in the study of gut microbiota and the research progress of MGBA in recent years and systematically collated the research papers on the correlation between IS and gut microbiota. Furthermore, from the bi-directional regulation of MGBA, this study also discussed the high-risk factors of IS under the dysregulation of gut microbiota and the pathophysiological changes of gut microbiota after the occurrence of IS and summarized the related targets to provide a reliable reference for the therapeutic research of IS from the gut microbiota.

Evaluation of the development on the preterm and term neonatal brain white matter based on metrics derived from diffusion tensor imaging / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore developmental states on the preterm and term neonatal brain white matter based on the co-variation of metrics derived from diffusion tensor imaging(DTI).Methods This work enrolled 66 neonates,consisting of 33 preterm(21 males and 12 females;gestational age:30.143-36.286 weeks)and 33 full-term neonates(22 males and 11 females;gestational age:37.000 -41.429 weeks).DTI derived metrics included axial diffusivity(AD),radial diffusivity(RD),and fractional anisotropy(FA).Spearman's rank correlation between metrics and postmenstrual age was analyzed in the preterm and term neonates.Developmental states were evaluated according to the method proposed by Dubois:fiber organization was associated with increased AD, decreased RD and increased FA;pre-myelination was related to decreased AD,decreased RD and unchanged/increased FA;myelination was revealed by unchanged AD,decreased RD and increased FA.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare DTI metrics between the preterm and term neonates.Results According to the method proposed by Dubois,posterior limb of internal capsule and corpus callosum underwent myelination in the preterm-neonate period.Cerebral peduncle started myelination in the term-neonate period.Superior corona radiate,inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and external capsule underwent pre-myelination on preterm and term neonates.FA values were higher in term neonates than those in preterm neonates in all the selected regions(P＜0.05).AD and RD values were lower in term neonates than those in preterm neonates in the selected regions except for cerebral peduncle(P＜0.05).Conclusion Changes in DTI metrics and the method of Dubois can be used to quantitatively evaluate developmental states of the neonatal brain white matter.The changes coincided with DTI variations associated with pre-myelination and myelination.White matter development is delayed in preterm neonates compared with term neonates.

The verification of a new DNA double-detection diagnostic kit for identifying novel influenza A (H1N1) / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify a new kit of "universal and novel influenza A (H1N1) virus nucleic acid double-detection methods (PCR-fluorescence probe)".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>150 cases of throat swab specimens were collected consecutively. After RNA was extracted, the specimens were detected by the verified kit. At the same time, the same specimens were detected by Real-time PCR diagnostic kit from Beijing CDC as the control. The data were analysed by the Kappa in agreement and by McNemar chi2 in difference test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The consistency rate of the verified kit and the Beijing CDC kit was universal primer M 97.33%, H1N1 98.67% respectively. The Kappa test and McNemar chi2 test showed that two methods had a higher consistency. Compared to the CDC kit, the "false negative rate" and "false-positive rate"of double-check kit were lower.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The kit of "universal and novel influenza A (H1N1) virus nucleic acid double-detection methods (PCR-fluorescence probe)" from Shanghai Kehua Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd can be used to detect influenza A and novel influenza A (H1N1).</p>

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of a new influenza A (HIN1) epidemic / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Patients infected with new influenza A (HIN1) virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All cases with new influenza A (H1N1) confirmed on polymerase chain reaction assay on throat swabs. There were included in a prospective evaluation of clinical characteristics, laboratory results, treatment and overcome of new influenza A (H1N1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 35 patients in the epidemic. Clinical illness developed within a mean of 1.7 days. Fever occurred in 97.1%, sore throat 65.7% cough 51.4%, headache 28.6%, and myalgia 31.4%. All patients were treated with oseltamivir lasted 5 days. The mean duration of viral shedding was 4.5 days. All were cured and left hospital after day 7.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was infected by new influenza A (H1N1) typically in this epidemic.</p>

On-line Glucose Concentration Prediction and Control for Improving Glutamate Fermentation Performance / 微生物学通报

In industrial glutamate fermentation, intermitted feeding glucose with the help of off-line glucose measurement is generally necessary. This kind of feeding strategy could cause large variations in glucose concentration so that it is not favorable for the achievement of efficient and stable glutamate fermentation. Glutamate fermentation is characterized with typical non-growth association behavior, and during glutamate production phase glucose consumption is closely correlated with ammonia consumption. In this study, glucose concentration was controlled at various pre-determined levels by predicting glucose consumption amount and thus its concentration with the aid of on-line monitoring ammonia consumption. When glucose concentration was controlled around a lower level of 5 g/L~10 g/L, the final glutamate concentration could reach a relatively higher level of 80 g/L. In this way, the huge osmotic stress change due to the large glucose concentration variation with the intermitted feeding method could be avoided and the glutamate fermentation performance enhancement be expected.

Effects of different cell lysis buffers on protein quantification / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of different cell lysis buffers on protein quantification with Bradford method and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bradford method and BCA method were used to determine the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in different solutions (distilled water, cell lysis buffer used in two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and three kinds of cell lysis buffers used in conventional two dimensional gel electrophoresis), as well as the protein concentrations of cell lysates using these different lysis buffers. Bradford method was also applied to determine the protein concentrations of samples with repeated freeze thaw cycle, in different colorimetric cylinders, or using different standard curves from different periods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The protein measurements increased for 1.2 to 2 fold when different cell lysis buffers were used in Bradford method, but the measurements increased with the increased concentration of BSA (r=0.989 approximately 0.996, P<0.05). For BCA, measurement reading increased about thousands times higher, even overflowed the limits of machine. Protein measurements didn't change significantly, only showed a declined trend after repeated freeze thaw cycle, while no significant changes were found using different colorimetric cylinders or standard curves from different periods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bradford method may be the choice of the protein quantification in proteomics. However, optimization is required for specific experimental conditions.</p>

Indications and effect of the intra-aortic balloon pump in 38 patients during the cardiac surgery / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To review the indications and effect of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in 38 patients during the cardiac surgery.@*METHODS@#From June 2004 to August 2007, 38 patients were performed IABP in the cardiac surgery, including 28 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 10 valve replacements. The intra-operation prophylactic use of IABP was in 5 cases, the use of IABP for weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the cardiac surgery was in 22 cases, and the rest use of IABP was after the operation in the intensive care unit. Low molecular weight heparin was used for IABP anticoagulation.@*RESULTS@#Thirteen died out of the 38 IABP patients. The total IABP success rate was 66%.The IABP success rate in CABG was 82%, and 20% in the valve replacement. The patients with intra-operation prophylactic use of IABP all recovered, and 16 recovered out of the 22 patients with IABP uses for weaning from CPB, and 6 recovered out of the 11 patients with post-operation IABP application. No severe complications related to IABP occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#IABP has better effect in CABG patients than in valve replacements. Effect of the prophylactic use of IABP is better than both the IABP use for weaning from CPB or the post-operation IABP application. For IABP anticoagulation, low molecular weight heparin is the better alternative than routine heparin, and the proper ACT is controlled at 150-170 s.

Soluble FasL combined with survivin RNA interference induced apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) combined with survivin RNA interference on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Methods: The expression vector of survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed and confirmed by sequencing. The survivin siRNA expression vector was transfected into A549 cells and the stable cell line expressed survivin small interfering RNA were selected by G418 (geneticin) screening. The mRNA and protein levels of survivin were tested by fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. After the transfected cells were treated with sFasL, the cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results: Survivin siRNA expression vector was successfully constructed and stable A549 cells were selected. The mRNA and protein levels of survivin decreased by 76.4% (P <0.01) and 84.5%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the survivin was down-regulated. Cells in siRNA + sFasL group had lower proliferation rate at every time point than that of single sFasL group, siRNA group and control group. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate was significantly higher in siRNA + sFasL group than that of sFasL group, siRNA group, and control group [(18.6 ± 2.93)% vs (10.12 ± 2.31)%, (10.09 ± 1.31)%, (1.14 ± 0.21)%, P < 0.01]. Conclusions: Survivin siRNA expression vector significantly inhibites the expression of survivin in A549 cells. The sFasL combined with survivin siRNA interference can more effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis than single sFasL or survivin RNA interference treatment in lung adeno carcinoma A549 cells.

Formulation and application of diagnostic models based on clinical biochemical assays in diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis associated with viral hepatitis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the diagnostic ability of routine laboratory items in liver diseases associated with viral hepatitis through constructing assessment models consisting of these items.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) Assessment of routine items and formulation of models. Data of 447 patients seen between May 1997 and August 2003 were collected as the training set and serum specimens of 213 patients taken between June 2004 and March 2005 were examined and used as the validation set. Eleven items (TP, ALB, TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBA, LDH, CHE) were examined with an automated biochemical analyzer. Logistic regression was applied to construct the model for discriminating between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The diagnostic value of items and models was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The model to discrimination between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis consists of five items (CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO). The AUCs of model were 0.87 in the training set and 0.83 in validation set, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) The model consisting of CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO improves the diagnostic value of routine laboratory items in discriminating chronic hepatitis from liver cirrhosis.</p>

Lung protection of continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood during cardiopulmonary bypass / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the lung protection of continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).@*METHODS@#Thirty patients undergoing mitral valve replacement were randomly divided into the control group (n=15) and the lung perfusion group (n=15). The patients in the lung perfusion group were perfused oxygenated blood continuously to the pulmonary artery during CPB. The patients in the control group were performed the routine procedure of mitral valve replacement. Record the CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time. The patients' oxygen index (OI) and lung static compliance (Cstat) were measured before the surgery, at 0 h after the CPB and at 0, 6 h after the surgery. Right lung biopsy specimens were obtained at 30 min after the CPB to observe the histological changes. Results The mechanical ventilation time and ICU monitoring time were shorter in the lung perfusion group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The patients' OI and Cstat were higher after surgery in the lung perfusion group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Tissue examination showed lung parenchyma edema and inflammatory cells accumulated in the control group, while no remarkable pathological changes occurred in the lung perfusion group.@*CONCLUSION@#Lung injury exists after the surgery by CPB. Continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood during CPB can decrease the lung injury.

Modified low-potassium dextran solution in heart-lung transplantation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the application of modified low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution in heart-lung transplantation.@*METHODS@#We used the modified LPD as the lung flush solution of the donor in the first heart-lung transplantation procedure in Hunan.@*RESULTS@#The patient survived 555 days after the surgery and severe infection, lung disfunction or severe graft rejection never occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#Modified LPD as lung flush solution of the donor during heart-lung transplantation demonstrates an excellent effect of lung protection.

Addition of TCA cycle intermediates enhances pyruvate production / 生物工程学报

The capability of utilizing the intermediates of TCA-cycle as the sole carbon source by the multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast Torulopsis glabrata CCTCC M202019 under the conditions of vitamins limitation was demonstrated. Furthermore, the colony numbers grown on medium supplemented with glucose, acetate and one of the intermediates of TCA-cycle was higher than that of medium used glucose and acetate or medium used one of the intermediates of TCA-cycle carbon source. Among the intermediates of TCA-cycle used in this study, oxaloacetate was the best carbon source for the yeast and it was found that its presence stimulated the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. In batch fermentation with glucose medium, the addition of 10 g/L of oxaloacetate improved the dry cell weight from 11.8 g/L to 13.6 g/L, and the productivity of pyruvate from 0.96 g x L(-1) x h(-1) to 1.19 g x L(-1) x h(-1), a 24% increase after 56 h growth. The yield of pyruvate on glucose was also improved as well, from 0.63 g/g to 0.66 g/g.

CaCO3 stimulates alpha-ketoglutarate accumulation during pyruvate fermentation by Torulopsis glabrata / 生物工程学报

A large amount of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) (6.8 g/L) was accumulated in flask culture when CaCO3 was used as a buffering agent in the production of pyruvate by multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast Torulopsis glabrata CCTCC M202019. In a 5 L jar-fermentor, less alpha-KG (1.3 g/L) was produced when NaOH was used to adjust the pH, while more alpha-KG (11.5 g/L) detected when CaCO3 was used as the buffer. In the latter case, the molar carbon ratio of pyruvate to alpha-KG (C(PYR)/ CalphaKG) was similar to that obtained in flask culture, suggesting the accumulation of alpha-ketoglutarate was related to the addition of CaCO3. Furthermore, it was found that: (1) delaying the addition time of CaCO3 decreased the a-ketoglutarate formation but increased C(PYR)/ C(alphaKG); and (2) under vitamin limitation conditions increasing the concentration of CaCO3 led to an increased a-KG accumulation at the expenses of pyruvate. To study which ions in CaCO3 was responsible for the accumulation of alpha-KG, the effects of different pH buffers on the a-KG accumulation were studied. The level of alpha-KG was found to correlate with the levels of both Ca2+ and CO3(2-), with Ca2+ played a dominant role and CO3(2-) played a minor role. To find out which pathway was responsible for the accumulation of alpha-KG, the effects of biotin and thiamine on alpha-KG accumulation was investigated. The increase in biotin concentration led to an increase in alpha-KG accumulation and a decrease in C(PYR)/ C(alpha-KG), while the levels of alpha-KG and C(PYR)/C(alphaKG) were not affected by thiamine concentration. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase was increased as much as 40% when the medium was supplemented with Ca2+ . On the other hand, the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was unaffected by the presence of Ca2+. To conclude, the higher level of a-KG was caused by higher activity of pyruvate carboxylase stimulated by Ca2+, with CO3(2-) served as the substrate of the reaction.

Progress in biotechnological production of pyruvic acid / 生物工程学报

Pyruvate, an important organic acid, is widely used in the industries of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, agrochemicals, food additives and so on. Compared with the chemical method, biotechnological production of pyruvic acid is an alternative approach because of the low cost and high product quality. In this article, biosynthesis of pyruvate, including direct fermentative production and resting cell method as well as enzymatic method, was discussed. Furthermore, a comparison of these different methods was proposed. Since, a multi-vitamin auxotrophic strain of Torulopsis glabrata is the most competitive strain for industrial production of pyruvate, emphasis was therefore placed on the development of strains screening and fermentation optimization. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to improve the research in this field in the near future.